posters of the 1890s essays

banners of the 1890s expositions The 1890's was the start of the main banner illustrations. Not just have these banners been viewed as ads however they are additionally viewed as show-stoppers. Two magnificent instances of various work done during this period are Alphonse Mucha's Lorenzaccio (1898) and Henri Toulouse-Lautrec's Jardin de Paris (1893). Every banner is similarly choice in it's line, style, shading, piece, and point of view. Alphonse Mucha was conceived in 1860 and went to Paris in 1890. He structured banners in the elegant Byzantine style of ornamentation. In Mucha's Lorenzaccio this can plainly be seen. The banner is an edited picture in the vertical column style with expand ornamentation all through. There is composed word on the top and base as commonplace of a large number of his works. By the composition around the figure we can see that the banner was proposed to be made for Sarah Bernhardt. The banner shows perplexing, streaming line with sharp blueprints. The dynamic, curvilinear line rules the image. It's emotional, beautifying configuration can be seen through the winged serpent that looks straight at us. There are particular monochromatic shades of green, earthy colored and red. Lorenzaccio is a vigorously nitty gritty, two dimensional banner with no center ground. The subject is off in thought in the banner. The garments she is wearing especially adds to the dynamic line. The foundation is incredibly enlivening. Out and out the banner is made with a compartmentalized structure. I would describe Mucha's work in the Art Nouveau style as a result of his utilization of ornamental style with disentangled structures. His sharp, curvilinear line; full shading tones, and Cloisonisme arrangement add to the complex characteristics. Be that as it may, I accept that Henri Toulouse-Lautrec's Jardin de Paris is particularly all around planned as the utilization of a banner and show-stopper. I favor this banner better on account of its diverse way to deal with publicizing in an unmistakable, eye getting way,... <!

Essay on Post Child Labor

Exposition on Post Child Labor Exposition on Post Child Labor Exposition on Post Child LaborThe kid work is completely unsatisfactory in the contemporary world however this pattern despite everything endures in light of the fact that organizations seek after most extreme benefits and disregard essential human privileges of the least ensured gathering, for example youngsters. Today, numerous organizations from created nations move their creation to immature countries, where they give little consideration to whether human privileges of representatives are regarded or not. Organizations working in immature nations, in their turn, search for the least expensive work power. Therefore, they utilize kids, whose rights they may completely disregard and power them to work for close to nothing. Kids won't have the option to stand up to their boss in any capacity, while they are a lot less expensive representative than grown-ups. Notwithstanding, the work of kids prompts the infringement of their essential rights conceded by the UN Convention on the Right s of the Child and other global arrangements. When in doubt, work environment security is thoroughly overlook, while, in numerous occasions, youngsters are only uninformed of the working environment wellbeing and they simply don't have the foggiest idea how to function securely. Rather, they simply perform undertakings that are advised to by their administrator or director. Thus, the disregard of youngster rights and the serious misuse of kid work lead not exclusively to the infringement of kid rights yet in addition to wounds and impressive medical issues. In addition, the utilization of kid work destructively affects the neighborhood economy and work advertise just as global ones since grown-up representatives in immature just as created nations lose their positions which are performed by kids. Thus, jobless laborers lose chances to win for living that may trigger rising crime percentages and other social and monetary issues. Thus, the kid work ought to be restricted.

A Simple DIY Short-Term Memory Experiment

A Simple DIY Short-Term Memory Experiment More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers If you are looking for a simple experiment idea that you can try at home, here is a quick short-term memory test. You can try this experiment on your own, but it would also be interesting to try with a small group of volunteer classmates. By seeing how many words you can memorize in a brief period of time, you can learn more about both the capacity and duration of short-term memory. An At-Home Short-Term Memory Experiment In the following demonstration, look at the list of words below for two minutes. Memorize as many words as you can in this amount of time. Next, turn off your computer monitor and get out a sheet of paper. Give yourself two minutes to write down as many words from the list as you can. Nine Swap Cell Ring Lust Plugs Lamp Apple Table Sway Army Bank Fire Hold Worm Clock Horse Color Baby Sword Desk Hold Find Bird Rock Checking Your Results How many words did you get correct? Despite having two minutes to memorize the words, you may find it surprisingly difficult to later recall even a handful of words. This experiment demonstrates some of the limitations of short-term memory. According to researcher George A. Miller, the typical storage capacity for short-term memory is seven plus or minus two items. However, memory rehearsal strategies, such as chunking, can significantly increase memorization and recall. For example, observe the following words: Horse Cat Dog Fish Bird Orange Yellow Blue Green Black Table Chair Desk Bookcase Bed Teacher School Student Homework Class Apple Banana Kiwi Grape Mango Because these items can be easily grouped based on category, you can probably remember far more of these words. Clustering can be a useful memorization strategy that can improve the retention and recall of information. Key Terms Before you begin your experiment, there are some key terms and concepts you should understand. MemoryShort-term memoryChunking Key Questions for Background Research On average, how many words can a person remember?Can other factors such as gender and age have an impact on memory?Do people tend to remember certain words more than others?What strategies might improve memorization? Performing Your Own Word Memorization Experiment There are a number of different approaches you could take in conducting your own word memorization experiment. The following are just a few ideas you might explore: Compare random words versus related words. Create two groups of words: one group that is completely random and another that has groups of related words. Ask participants to first complete one trial with the random words, and then complete another trial with the related words. Compare the results of your two trials.Compare results between male and female participants. Have a group of participants perform the memorization activity, and then compare how many the male participants remembered on average to how many the female participants remembered.Try the experiment with gender-associated terms versus gender-neutral terms. For example, create a list of terms related to objects or concepts commonly associated with women. Then create a list of terms not associated with either gender. Administer both tests to a group of participants and compare the results between the men and women. Did women find it easier to remember the gender-associated terms? Did men find it more difficult? Or were th e results insignificant?Compare results among different age groups. For example, create a group of school-age children, a group of college students, a group of middle-aged adults and a group of older adults. Give the same word memorization test to each participant and then compare the results of each group. Which group performed the best? Which one performed the worst? What do these results have to say about memory and age? When you are exploring  psychology experiment ideas, be sure to understand how to conduct a psychology experiment  to get accurate results and to perform experiments ethically.

The Theory Of Bacterial Transformation - 1417 Words

Background theory: Bacterial transformation is a versatile tool of central importance to molecular biology (The American Phytopathological Society, 2016; The Biotechnology Education Company, 2003). It is a process whereby bacterial cells take up and express exogenous DNA, resulting in the expression of a newly acquired genetic trait that is both stable and heritable (The Biotechnology Education Company, 2003; Bruce Roe, n.d.). For transformation to take place, the bacterial cells must enter a particular physiological state, called ‘competency’, which will accommodate transformation (The Biotechnology Education Company, 2003). Bacteria are single celled organisms that can easily pass information between one another, and thus, changes in†¦show more content†¦The pFluoroGreen plasmid contains two exogenous genes; the GFP gene and a gene for ampicillin resistance (The American Phytopathological Society, 2016). This can be seen in the below figure: Figure 2: pFluoroGreen plasmid contents (Biotechnology Education and Training Sequence Investment, 2008) Ampicillin inhibits bacterial growth by preventing the synthesis of the E. coli cell walls, resulting in cell death (The Biotechnology Education Company, 2003; Bruce Roe, n.d.). When the ampicillin resistance gene is present, it directs the production of an enzyme which blocks the action of ampicillin. Therefore, when the transformation liquid is placed on an ampicillin agar plate, the E. coli cells which reject the plasmid will not be able to block the effects of ampicillin, and therefore, will not be able to grow on the plate (The American Phytopathological Society, 2016). Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) production is controlled by the GFP gene, which is located in specialised photogenic cells in discrete spots around the bell margin of the natural host; bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria, which is shown in Figure 3 (The Biotechnology Education Company, 2003; The American Phytopathological Society, 2016). Figure 3: Aequorea victoria glowing jellyfish (Mills. C, n.d.) The gene used in the experiment is

Nr National Rifle Association - 2234 Words

NRA The NRA(National Rifle Association)is the organization that protects the Second Amendment of the Constitution.The Second Amendment states â€Å"A well regulated militia being necessary to security of a free state,the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed†. The NRA was founded by two Union commanding officers in New York in 1871 by the the names of William C.Church and Geogre Wingate.During World War II the NRA offered some of its ranges to the government to serve as training materials.The NRA donated around 7,000 fire arms to Great Britain (since Britain basically disramed themselves with gun control).The first president of the NRA was a civil war veteran, a general, a U.S. Senator,and the governor of Rhode†¦show more content†¦Another thing to consider with the gun control in Americais that it is doing nothing but slowly taking away the Second Amendment and disarming law abiding citizens.These citizens may soon not even be able to defen d themselves.That is when the NRA(National Rifle Association) steps in to protect the Second Amendment and to ensure that law abidng citizens have their gun rights protected.Thanks to the NRA and all the gun owners throughout America most law abiding citizens can still bear their arms.To defend themsleves or to hunt. They may even protect themselves and the nation if they started to live under a tyrant’s rule by overthrowing them.Without the NRA and some of the representatives that defend gun rights people would all be left defenseless and with no way to fulfill the Second Amendment. A lot of people will probably say that if your house is being invaded and the criminal is armed then you should just call 911 and wait until the police arrive,but what if you have no

Cannon Free Essays

Select a company you believe to be innovative (this should be an internationally known company). Explain what makes this company innovative? In your answer, use relevant theory and examples to illustrate why you believe the company is innovative. Cannon – an innovative company Founded in 1937 with the specific goal of making the best quality camera available to customers, Canon’s passion for the power of image has since extended its technology into many other markets and has established it as a world leader in both consumer and business imaging solutions. We will write a custom essay sample on Cannon or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its solutions comprise products, ranging from digital compact and SLR cameras, through broadcast lenses and portable X-ray machines, to multi-function and production printers, all supported by a range of value added services. Canon invests heavily in RD to deliver the richest and most innovative products and services to satisfy customers’ creative needs. In my essay I will show that through disruptive, strategic and product innovation Canon remains the leader in the market of all its products. Canon has proved that disruptive innovation brings many benefits to businesses. Christensen and Raynor (Christensen and Raynor, 2003) justify that new entrant firms will win with leading firms of an industry through disruptive innovation, by commercializing a simpler, more convenient product that sells for less money and appeals to new or unattractive customer set. Canon has proved that the best way for an upstart company to attack established competitors is to disrupt them. Disruptive innovations do not attempt to bring better products to established customers in existing markets. Rather, they disrupt and redefine that trajectory by introducing products and services that are not as good as currently available products. Still, disruptive technologies offer other benefits – typically, they are simpler, more convenient, and less expensive products that appeal to new or less-demanding customers (Todd and Bessant, 2009). Once the disruptive product gains a share in the new or low-end markets, the improvement cycle begins. In addition, the pace of technological process exceeds customers’ ability to use it; the previously not good enough technology eventually improves to intersect with the needs of the more demanding customers. When that happens, the disruptors are on the path that will ultimately beat the incumbents. Throughout Canon’s history, the company has used disruptive innovation in order to gain market share. In 1982 Canon developed the first personal copier. It gained its name because the reproduction elements were all contained in a cartridge that users could just replace themselves when they ran out. Canon’s desktop photocopiers were a new-market disruption; in that they enabled people to begin conveniently making their own photocopies, rather than taking their originals to the corporate high-speed photocopy center where a technician had to run the job for them. The high-speed Xerox machine was very complicated, needed servicing frequently and only a technician could operate it. When Canon made photocopying so convenient, people ended up making a lot more copies, therefore through disruption innovation Canon has created new value network. Additionally, Canon’s innovation sources come from monitoring the market and following and adjusting to its competitors. In 1987 Ricoh revolutionized the photocopier industry with the release of the first digital photocopier. Thus, Canon followed releasing their digital photocopier products, which effectively consisted of an integrated scanner and laser printer. In 2001 Canon released its first two digital personal copiers, the PC1080F and the PC1060. Furthermore, with the disruptive innovation of touch screen technology, the company has decided to launch its own touch screen display in order to compete in the market. The new Digital IXUS 200 IS features Canon’s first ever touch screen display that delivers intuitive control to the customer and greater ease of use. Canon’s success is also based on the company’s commitment to strategic innovation. Strategic innovation means experimenting with new strategies, with new combinations of the ‘What, Who and How’ of a business. If a company identifies a new customer base, it will start behaving in a way that best satisfies the specific needs of those customers. This behavior will most likely be different from that of established competitors who are serving different customers (Markides, 1997). In the case of Cannon, Xerox leased big photocopiers to corporations through a direct sales force. Canon sold its personal photocopiers to end users through a dealer network. Thus Canon has adopted a different product, along with different selling and distribution strategies. They identified a customer segment that was not currently served by existing competitors. Then they designed their products and delivery systems to fit the requirements of this customer niche. New product innovations from Canon strengthen its leadership in imaging technology. In 2009, Canon has reaffirmed its commitment to innovation in product development with the launch of 38 consumer products ranging from an innovative new Digital SLR camera in its flagship EOS range to a germ resistant calculator, and a first voice guided printer. The new SELPHY ES40 is the first printer, which talks to its user. It provides spoken instructions on how to operate the printer in seven different languages; the guidance also gives advice to assist users of all ages to simplify the printing process. Successful product innovation requires more than the management of technology; it also must address users’ problems and needs, how the product will be used, and for what purpose. Conducting marketing research to obtain customers requirements and needs is a fundamental feature of Canon’s strategic innovation process, which the company adds onto its product innovation cycle. The new EOS 7D digital SLR camera is a completely new design created to meet the specific demands of photographers. During extensive development Canon went back to the drawing board, listening to photographers worldwide, in order to design the new digital camera to meet their specific needs. Commenting on the creation of the EOS 7D, Mr. Uchidoi, Group Executive of Photo Products Group, said, â€Å"We consulted over 5,000 photographers worldwide and asked them what they most wanted to see from a camera. Matching this insight with cutting-edge technology, we were able to develop a camera that truly gives photographers the versatile tool they require to experiment with their images. † Markides (Markides, 1990) argues that successful innovative companies need to adopt a new thinki ng process. New ideas emerge more easily if managers can escape their mechanistic way of thinking and look at an issue from different perspectives or angles. Thinking ‘out side of the box’ enables Canon to create new ideas and pioneer new trends. One area, which Canon has foreseen, was the growing importance of reducing global warming and becoming more ‘green’. Long before it was in fashion, Canon introduced a collection and recycling program for used toner cartridges. The company adopted a corporate-wide lifecycle assessment to understand and reduce its carbon footprint, and it has already achieved zero waste output at its worldwide plants. Canon has jointly developed a new bio-based plastic that incorporates plant-based and organic components to use in its products (Silverstein, 2010). Therefore, innovative thinking helps the company stay ahead of the competition. Another source of innovation is building on the organizations existing core competencies to create a new product or a new way of doing business that is totally different from the way competitors currently do business. Leveraging existing core competencies is therefore one way to create new products or new ways to compete. Canon’s core competencies lay in the combination of the precision mechanics, fine optics and microelectronics technologies that underline all their products (Prahalad and Hamel, 1990). However, most major breakthroughs occur not so much from amortizing existing competencies but from exploiting them to create and accumulate new strategic assets more quickly and cheaply than competitors. A company can use a core competence of a strategic asset in one small business unit (SBU) to help improve the quality of a strategic asset in another SBU (Markides, 1990). Because Canon is in two businesses, cameras and photocopiers, in which the processes of improving dealer effectiveness, speeding up product development or improving assembly-line productivity are similar, it can improve the quality of the strategic assets in its photocopier business by transferring competencies learned in its camera business and vice versa. Leveraging core competencies among Canon’s different business units therefore reduces the costs and saves valuable time. Through the years, Canon has continually provided a lot of innovative and revolutionary products. From the company’s very first product launched, a 35 mm focal plane-shutter camera called the Kwanon, to now a days most recent products, the company has integrated innovation to all of its business units. Canon is committed to developing innovative solutions to enhance business productivity that it invests 8% of annual turnover in RD. This devotion to innovation translates to fact that the company is consistently rated in the top five most innovative companies in the world in terms of new patent registrations. Thus concluding, throughout disruptive, strategic and product innovation Canon stays one of the leaders in its markets. How to cite Cannon, Papers

Levendary Cafe the China Challenge free essay sample

Levendary main issue is not entering Chains market but whether such decision is a right decision and if do so how to survive in such aggressively competitive market, to which extent the management have a detailed plan about and control over the penetration in the new market, adequate information about the culture and a proper communication with the management in china. When Levendary entered China they gave Chen the full control over the operations there, although a well-developed detailed plan and a clear tactic of how to implement this plan is a must. However it is clearly this is not the case whereas everything had been handed to Chen from A to Z. The chain of Levendary Cafe in USA are run by a strict set of rules and allowing modifications only after approval from the concept group regarding the â€Å"look and feel† of the firm. The Levendary Cafe in China is following a business model which is completely different from that of the US operation model. We will write a custom essay sample on Levendary Cafe : the China Challenge or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Chen wanted this cafe to adapt to the changing tastes of people from place to place. However he has no clear strategy or reasonable clarification for some actions such as locating some cafes in suburbs or in rural areas although there is so much room for expansion in the huge urban markets or turning some cafes into counter-only. And this might be because the philosophy and operations of Levendary have not been communicated clearly to Chen from the beginning and there was no control for 18 months that Chen worked during without referring to the US management. The culture differences between US and China is another major issue that should be understood by Headquarter in US. Customers in China are different from those in US in term of their habits and food preferences. Chen was smart by being flexible when entered Chinese market because there are some features that could not be transferred easily into such closed community nevertheless killed the identity of Levendary and turned it to a completely different restaurant while trying to adopt to the new culture. He could have been using the differences as a competitive advantage and differentiate the restaurant among other rivals. For example, serving organic fresh food which is strength of Levendary would be valued by Chinese consumers who look for fresh food and have concerns about it or the personalized services that Levendary is well-known for and Chinese restaurants lack for. Another issue is the lack of experience with the international market. Levendary headquarter should be aware of the international operations and the problem associated with and how to fit in and gain a strong position in such market. They should have more control over the financial reports to follow one reporting style that is consist with the accepted principles. Chen has no excuse for not following the GAAP in the financial reports he submitted which should be taken into consideration and corrected immediately. Question 2: What changes (if any) should Mia Foster make? Specifically, what should she do about Louis Chen? And what changes (if any) would you propose at headquarters? The changes should be made to the operation In China, the relationship with Chen and to the headquarters. Levendary cafe in china should not be completely different from that of US yet the flexibility is a must to survive in China. Foster should cooperate with Chen to find the proper way to adopt the Chinese culture and style in term of the menu choices yet they have to capitalize on what they are good in and use it as a competitive advantage such as the personalized services and the fresh organic food. They need to be differentiated to be considered by the Chinese customers. The stores should be located according to a strategic plan rather than opportunistic ones. Urban arias are the best choice for Levendary. Finally, a plane for the operation should be put and controlled. Regarding the relationship with Chen, a meeting with Chen, Foster and the concept team must be held. Foster who is a good communicator should make everything clear to Chen and let him know to which extent his changes are acceptable and to emphasize on the identity of Levendary and the image that they want consumers to have. Another important issue is that Chen has to conform to the companys planning and reporting processes and work in light of the corporate strategy. Foster should discard the option of firing him since he has many qualities like the Chinese language, the connections in China and also he is willing and eager to make this work and also, it is hard to find a replacement. Since she is known for her frank communication style, she should use that with him and give Chen notice that his opportunity for contract renewal may be in jeopardy if Chen cannot work together with Foster and her management team to resolve all the problems The headquarters should cooperate more with Chen and closely monitor the operation in China by having periodic reports to correct any deviation from the plan. They have to give the needed support to have the financial reports in accordance with GAAP and to give the training if needed for the staff in China. Question 3: Prepare a specific action program for Foster to her deal with the need for continued growth in China. What should be on the agenda for her meeting with Chen? What should be on the agenda is: 1. The marketing strategy: Foster should discuss a plan to deliver a clear, consistent, and compelling message about Levendary cafe and create both physical and perceptual differences that can be perceived by consumer in China that is consistent with the corporate strategy of the mother company. Chen should be part of this to have commitment and responsibility to it and due to his experience in the Chinese market. 2. The financial reports style: Foster should force Levendary China to follow the mother companys reporting style and show that any deviation is not acceptable. Chinas finance team Chen are responsible for that and headquarters are responsible for providing any needed support or training. 3. The cost and revenue: : a specialized team should invistigate why the composition of expenses of China operations is quite different than U. S. operations and find way to cut costs and increase revenue. Chen has to have a plan of how to reach the break-even point within 9 months (by the end of Chens Contract). 4. Control over Chinas operations: Foster should schedule for periodic audit and visit for Levendary China and define the responsibility of Chen and the extent to which he must not take decision without getting the approval from US. Because it seems that the proper communication is missing. Question 4: What global issues are addressed in the case? Identify them and discuss them in depth Some of the global issues highlighted by the case are the culture differences, the communication with the subsidiary and the financial considerations. Culture Differences: There are difference between the Chinese culture and the American culture. Some differences include the fact that in China people go to eat at a restaurant and quickly leave they don’t sit around whereas in the States going to a restaurant is a socializing experience. This is the reason the development in China of the cafe’s is structured differently to those in the USA. The preferred food is different too such as he cheese that is not liked by Chinese. There seems to be a missing link between the two cultures that is not being understood by headquarters who must adapt to Chinese culture in order to survive and find the fine line between introducing the American tastes and values to the Chinese market and responding to the local taste. Communication: The second aspect is the barriers that exist with communication. Headquarters did not do anything to support the business structure in China. Chen feels that they are not recognizing his effort when Foster talked to him about her concern. Lack of proper communication led to such situation where Chen did everything without referring to US Levendary which is considered by Foster as dramatic departures from Levendary’s U. S. concept. A clear communication rules would prevent such problems. Financial consideration: The subsidiary company should not have a different reporting style from the mother company. Having a uniform style is must. It s important that Foster and the home-based Finance Department take a hard look at the numbers from the Chinese operations and investigate the unreasonable cost figures. It is important to have a experience of the Chinese market which is considered one of the cheapest for the paper for example but the financial statement of Levendary China shows a dramatic number as well as for the occupancy cost. Question 5: What are Louis Chen’s qualities as a global leader? Discuss them in li ght of China and the US. †¢He had MBA from Stanford University. He is Bilingual in English and Mandarin Chinese. He was familiar with the neighborhoods in Shanghai and Beijing since he had long experience as a retail property developer, so he knew the impact of store location on profitability. He had strong connections with many real estate agents in China which helped him to locate in prime sites at fair price. He had entrepreneurial spirit to work in the restaurant industry with no experience in this sector, and he was confident that Levendary will success in the Chinese market. His go-getter (an aggressively enterprising person) that developed to become a local baron which might be a professional manager if trained well.

Lynn Margulis - Biography of an Evolution Scientist

Lynn Margulis - Biography of an Evolution Scientist Lynn Margulis was born March 15, 1938 to Leone and Morris Alexander in Chicago, Illinois. She was the oldest of four girls born to the travel agent and lawyer. Lynn took an early interest in her education, especially science classes. After only two years at Hyde Park High School in Chicago, she was accepted into the early entrant program at the University of Chicago at the young age of 15. By the time Lynn was 19, she had acquired a B.A. of Liberal Arts from the University of Chicago. She then enrolled at the University of Wisconsin for graduate studies. In 1960, Lynn Margulis had obtained an M.S. in Genetics and Zoology and then went on to work at getting a Ph.D. in Genetics at the University of California, Berkeley. She ended up finishing her doctoral work at Brandeis University in Massachusetts in 1965. Personal Life While at the University of Chicago, Lynn met the now famous Physicist Carl Sagan while he was doing his graduate work in Physics at the college. They married shortly before Lynn finished her B.A. in 1957. They had two sons, Dorion and Jeremy. Lynn and Carl divorced before Lynn finished her Ph.D. work at the University of California, Berkeley. She and her sons moved to Massachusetts shortly thereafter. In 1967, Lynn married crystallographer Thomas Margulis after accepting a position as a lecturer at Boston College. Thomas and Lynn had two children- a son Zachary and a daughter Jennifer. They were married for 13 years before divorcing in 1980. In 1988, Lynn took a position in the Botany department at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. There, she continued to lecture and write scientific papers and books over the years. Lynn Margulis passed away on November 22, 2011, after suffering uncontrolled hemorrhaging caused by a stroke. Career While studying at the University of Chicago, Lynn Margulis first became interested in learning about cell structure and function. Particularly, Lynn wanted to learn as much as possible about genetics and how it related to the cell. During her graduate studies, she studied the non-Mendelian inheritance of cells. She hypothesized that there had to be DNA somewhere in the cell that wasnt in the nucleus due to some of the traits that were passed down to the next generation in plants that did not match the genes coded in the nucleus. Lynn found DNA within both mitochondria and chloroplasts inside of plant cells that did not match the DNA in the nucleus. This led her to begin formulating her endosymbiotic theory of cells. These insights came under fire immediately, but have held up over the years and contributed significantly to the Theory of Evolution. Most traditional evolutionary biologists believed, at the time, that competition was the cause of evolution. The idea of natural selection is based on the survival of the fittest, meaning competition eliminates the weaker adaptations, generally caused by mutations. Lynn Margulis endosymbiotic theory was the opposite. She proposed that cooperation between species led to the formation of new organs and other types of adaptations along with those mutations. Lynn Margulis was so intrigued by the idea of symbiosis, she became a contributor to the Gaia hypothesis first proposed by James Lovelock. In short, the Gaia hypothesis asserts that everything on Earth- including life on land, the oceans, and the atmosphere- work together in a sort of symbiosis as if it were one living organism. In 1983, Lynn Margulis was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. Other personal highlights include being the co-director of the Biology Planetary Internship Program for NASA and was awarded eight honorary doctorate degrees at various universities and colleges. In 1999, she was awarded the National Medal of Science.

The 3 Best College Finders and Search Tools

The 3 Best College Finders and Search Tools SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips College finders can be a useful tool in your college search. College finders allow you to search for colleges based on specific criteria like size, selectivity, and cost. You select what you’re looking for in a college and then the college finder will spit out its results. In this article, I will explain what makes a college finder good and detail the pros and cons of some of the better college finders on the internet. What Makes a College Finder Good? The best college finders possess these qualities: Offer Ample Search Criteria The bad search finders will only allow you to search colleges based on a few items. Most of the subpar finders will limit their search criteria to only very general categories like location (US region), size, and type of college ( 2-year or 4-year and public or private). If you can only search for the location and the size of your ideal college on a certain finder, that may not help you narrow down your college search effectively. You may get hundreds of results that match what you’re looking for in those categories. You’ll more easily be able to find colleges that are a good fit for you if you can search for colleges based on many factors like cost, selectivity, majors offered, diversity, and extracurricular activities. At a minimum, a college finder should allow you to search for location, size, college type (2-year or 4-year and public or private), selectivity (admission rate and average GPA and SAT score), majors offered, extracurricular activities available, cost, and average financial aid awarded or percentage of financial need met. Allow You To Pick Multiple Options in Specific Categories A good college finder will allow you to select multiple options in the same search category.For example, better college finders will allow you to search for schools that are both large and medium size, as opposed to only being able to select one option. Give You the Ability to Choose How Important an Option Is to You Good college finders will allow you to prioritize how important specific search criteria are to you and will factor that into their search results. Maybe you’d prefer to go to a selective college, but that’s not extremely important. On good college finders, you’ll be able to indicate that that’s only somewhat important to you. Provide Important Facts and Statistics About the Colleges It Finds On good college finders, when you click on one of the colleges in your results, you’re given information about the school like its average SAT/ACT score and GPA, application deadline and requirements, student size, cost, and average financial aid award. How to Use a College Finder Effectively Think about your priorities for what you want in a college before you begin using a college finder. If it’s very important to you to go to a school with a stellar reputation, then â€Å"selectivity† will be an essential factor you should search for.For most college finders, selectivity is determined by the admissions rate and the average SAT and ACT score of the college. Schools with low admissions rates and high SAT and ACT scores tend to have a higher caliber of student and the best reputations. Search for colleges using the most important factors to you to help narrow your search.I think the most important factors you should search for when using a college finder are location (rural or urban and geographic region/state), selectivity, and majors offered. Some finders allow you to select a more general area of study or select multiple majors. If you just look for big colleges and get hundreds of results, that probably won’t be very helpful. To really narrow down your search results to a reasonable number, you’ll probably also have to select search criteria like extracurriculars, cost, percent of financial need met, and diversity. I think a good number to aim for in your results is 15-40 colleges. If you get more than 40 colleges in your results, add more factors or increase the level of importance of certain factors. If you get fewer than 15, you can remove some search options or decrease the level of importance of certain options. If you feel like you need everything you searched for, then those could be the schools you should apply to. Make sure you’re applying to at least a couple of safety schools. Generally, when you go through the search results, you’ll be able to eliminate at least a few of the options because they won’t have a quality that you must have in a college. Finders will give you a list that matches most of the criteria you’re looking for, but not every school in your results will match everything you searched for. I did a hypothetical search on the college finder College Board's Big Future based on qualities I'd want in a college if I ever got a chance to do my undergraduate experience again. I guess I like to think about things that are impossible. I got 33 results, but I was able to immediately eliminate more than half of them because they were in a state or city I wouldn’t want to live in (I searched by region) or they were either religious or tech schools. I wouldn’t want my second undergraduate institution to have a specific focus. Once you get your results, after you do any immediate eliminations, click on each individual result to get more information about the college. After reading about the school and its statistics, if it still interests you, save it (this is also an option in certain finders) or write down the name of the school. After you've gone through all the results in your search, you should be left with a list of potentially good college options for you. Then, it's your job to research those schools more extensively. Look at their websites, read college guidebooks like Fiske or Princeton Review's Top 380 Colleges, and consult teachers, counselors, and alumni. Additionally, you can gather information about specific colleges and learn about their reputations from college ranking lists. Reviews of College Finders All of these finders are completely free to use. They do require registration, which is also free, to use features like saving your searches or search results. Big Future Big Future is the College Board's college finder. How Does It Work? Step #1: Select filters on the left to narrow down your college search. Enter the most important qualities to you in your dream college first. As you're entering search factors, the number of results is updated and displayed. Under each category, there are related subcategories. For example, under "Test Scores Selectivity,† you can enter your SAT/ACT score and the level of selectivity (by acceptance rate) you’d like your college to have. Step #2: Add more search filters until you're left with about 15-40 schools, and you've selected everything that's important to you. Step #3: Click on the colleges in your search results that interest you to see full profiles where you can get useful information like average standardized test scores, graduation rates, application requirements and deadlines, and the most popular majors. Profile for Abilene Christian University Step #4: From all this information, determine if each college still interests you. If it does, write down the name of the school, or you can click "Add to My College List." If you register at the site, you can save your college list when you're done. Step #5: You can click "Compare Colleges" for a side-by-side comparison of major statistics for up to 3 colleges from your list to help you rank them or eliminate schools from consideration. Step #6: After you’ve read about and compared the colleges from your search results, you should be left with a list of anywhere from 6-20 colleges to research further. If you’re in the preliminary stages of your college search, you can do multiple searches as you consider what you’re looking for in a college. For efficiency purposes, I recommend doing no more than 3 searches. If you’ve determined some basic priorities for you before you use the finder, this shouldn’t be an issue. Keep in mind that most college experts recommend that you apply to about 6-12 colleges (including at least 2 safety schools) so that you have options, but you’re not applying to so many schools that the application and selection process becomes overly burdensome and time-consuming. Each student’s situation is unique, though. I know recruited athletes who only applied to one school because they were guaranteed admission and offered full scholarships to colleges they wanted to attend. Additionally, many students only apply to one school if they apply early decision to their #1 school and are admitted. On the other end of the spectrum, I know wealthy students who applied to over 20 colleges because they were able to incur the costs and they had multiple people helping them with the application and selection process. As a note, there are application fee waivers for students who can’t afford application fees. Step #7: After you apply to schools and get your acceptance letters, you can return to the finder to do more research or get statistics on the schools that admitted you to help you select the college you’ll attend. Pros Before you even do a search on the finder, there’s an interactive guide that breaks down each of the search criteria and asks you questions to answer to help you determine what you’re looking for in a college. Check out the info from the guide about â€Å"Location.† On Big Future, you can select how far from home or any other specified zip code you want to be, from within 20-3000 miles. Another advantage of Big Future is for each search category, you can choose how important it is to you from "Don't care" to "Want" to "Must have." Additionally, there are multiple search options within each category. For example, under "Type of School," you can select 2-year or 4-year, school size, public or private, and religious affiliation. One unique search category in Big Future is "Support Services." You can choose options like services available for learning disabled, services for minority students, and services for low-income students. Support services can be extremely beneficial resources to enable your success in college. Also, you can pick multiple options in different search categories. If you're searching by US region, you can select as many regions as you like. Another great feature is that you can see how your GPA and SAT scores stack up against other applicants if you click on "How Do I Stack Up?" From this feature, you'll get a better idea of how competitive the school is and how likely you are to gain admission. I made up some SAT scores for myself and this is what I was shown on the Abilene Christian profile: Finally, Big Future offers a quality user experience and is easy to use. The search criteria and results are displayed prominently. The information for each college in the results is organized clearly, and the font and organization of information allow you to see all the info easily. Cons While all the categories are extremely objective, there aren’t really any categories related to campus life or quality of life. On other finders, you can search for things like the quality of the party scene and whether a college is located in a great college town. Under diversity,you can choose the percentage of diversity when searching, but there isn't a search filter to help search for the level of representation of specific groups. While you can look for historically black colleges, if you’re an African-American student looking to go to a school with a sizable African-American student population, you can’t search for that on Big Future. College View College View is another good finder that provides a wealth of information and unique features. How Does It Work? Step #1: Select filters on the left to narrow down your college search. Enter the most important qualities to you in your dream college. There are 24 major search categories. Select as many search filters as possible. You can determine the importance level of each factor from "kinda" to "must-have." Step #2:Once you enter your first search category, you can choose the number of results that are displayed regardless of how many factors you search for, 10, 20, 50, 100, or 250. I recommend searching for 20, but you can search for 50 colleges if you are in the very early stages of your college search. Step #3: Click on the colleges in your search results that interest you to see full profiles where you can get useful info like links to virtual tours, graduation rates, application requirements and deadlines, and average standardized test scores. Step #4:From all this information, determine if each college still interests you. If it does, write down the name of the school, or you can click â€Å"Pin It!† If you register at the site, you can save your search and pinned schools when you’re done. You can pin up to 25 colleges for any search. Step #5:Click â€Å"Compare pinned schools† for a side-by-side comparison of the major stats for all your pinned schools. However, you can only view the info for 5 colleges on the screen without having to click the right arrow at the top of the screen. Step #6: After reviewing the info from the schools in your results and comparing them, make your list of schools that you’re interested in for further research. If possible, try to give the colleges preliminary ranks or put them in tiers from â€Å"most interested† to â€Å"kinda interested.† The ideal number of schools to research at this point is about 6-20 before you finalize your list of schools to apply to. If your priorities change during the college research process, you can use the finder again to update your list. Step #7:You can use the College View finder to help you with the college selection process after you learn of admissions decisions. Pros There are 24 search categories; you're able to select numerous filters to help find colleges that possess the qualities you want. College Viewdoes have more categories that can impact quality of life like â€Å"liberal-conservative,† â€Å"party scene,† â€Å"greek life† and â€Å"great college towns.† Also, unique to this finder, you can search for schools with a strong LGBT support system. For the colleges in your search results, you’re given a ton of information. I was especially intrigued by links to virtual tours and important application advice from each college’s website. In College View, you can search for colleges that have â€Å"high,† â€Å"typical,† or â€Å"low† representation of African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, Native Americans, or Caucasians. Cons Some of the results didn’t seem to match what I was looking for. I did a search and selected that it was â€Å"very important† to find a â€Å"very selective† school (admitting less than â…“ of applicants) and it was â€Å"very important† to me to find a school that matched my made up SAT score of 2130. Based on the other options I selected, one of the search results was Northern New Mexico College, which doesn't even require SAT or ACT scores for admission and isn't considered a selective school. The user experience is not as good as Big Future’s. The design and font make search options hard to locate. The information looks cluttered and it’s not as easy to identify all the listed information. While it does have â€Å"special services† and disability services† categories, you can’t search for colleges with services for minority students and services for low-income students.In my college counseling experience, I know programs like EOPcan be very beneficial for low-income and first-generation college students. Finally, for cost, you can only search for the cost of tuition and required fees. In Big Future, you can search for the percentage of financial need a school meets and for colleges that have work-study programs, financial aid for international students, and college application fee waivers. Keep in mind that the listed cost of attendance is not what you'll have to pay if you demonstrate financialneed. College Data College Data is a good finder option for those of you who are especially interested in financial information. How Does It Work? Step #1:Select search filters to narrow down your college search. Enter the most important qualities to you in your dream college. Select as many factors as possible to limit the size of your search results. Step #2: Once you’re done selecting all of the factors that matter to you, you can view your results. The colleges in your results will be listed along with their statistics. Step #3: Click on the colleges that interest you to read about them and get helpful information like freshman retention rates, application requirements, organizations, and class size. Step #4: After reviewing the info from the schools in your results and comparing them, make your list of schools that you’re interested in for further research. Step #5:Do additional searches later on if your priorities change or to assist you during the college selection process. Pros There is much more extensive financial information in College Data than in Big Future or College View.You’re given many more statistics regarding financial aid for the colleges in your search results. For example, here is the financial aid information for Boston University. Also, there's a "financial friendliness" search category. You can search for the percentage of financial need met, amount of student debt, and percentage of students that receive merit aid. Additionally, you can search for colleges by their level of representation of students from particular backgrounds, including Native American, African-American, Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, and international. For each group, you can select â€Å"No preference† or greater than or equal to 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 50%, or 75%. Lastly, you can select up to 3 majors or disciplines from a very extensive list to help limit your search results and find the college you're looking for. Cons There are far fewer search categories than in Big Future and College View. College Data only has 9 major search categories. You can't look for schools based on your SAT score or religious affiliation. Also, you have to register before you can use a number of the best features to investigate the colleges in your search results. Some of these features include estimating your chances of gaining admission, calculating your net price (cost after financial aid), and saving colleges from your search results. I was reluctant to register because College Data is sponsored by 1st Financial Bank and a student credit card is advertised on the home page. I thought if I registered, I might get a bunch of spam. Big Future is run by College Board, a non-profit, so you don’t have to worry as much about Big Future trying to sell you stuff. Like College View, the user experience isn’t great on College Data. The design and display of information makes information hard to locate. Also, the font size and style make everything a little difficult to read. Finally, for most of the search categories, you can only select one option, and you can't select how important search options are to you. Examples of Bad College Finders Big Future, College View, and College Data are three of the better college finders on the internet, mainly because they offer tons of information and unique features to help you find the best college for you. Here are a couple of bad college finders. They're less beneficial to use. Niche Niche only has 9 search categories and no subcategories. There are no search categories that you can’t find on other search finders. Nothing is uniquely good about this finder and it doesn’t have many of the options of the better finders. Peterson's Peterson's only has 8 search categories. All can be found in other college finders, and you can’t choose how important a search option is to you. While the user experience is good, this finder is far too general. There is so much more information on the better finders. Final Tips Overall, I think Big Future is the best finder. It offers the best combination of features, information, and user experience.However, College View is good to use if you want to do a search focusing on campus life or quality of life criteria. College Data is good to use if you want to do a search on or get extensive information about cost and financial aid. College finders should only be one tool, albeit a valuable one, in your college search. You should use college search websites, guidebooks, ranking lists, and guidance from teachers, parents, and counselors to help you select a college. Remember that these finders aren’t perfect and can’t determine for you which school is the best fit. They can give you insight and information to guide you, but after deciding what’s important to you, doing your research, and visiting colleges (if you have the chance), it’s up to you, and possibly your parents, to decide. What's Next? Make sure you read this excellent article on how to choose a college. Also, learn more about the differences between public and private colleges. Finally, look at this post to help you decide if you should go to a big or small college. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Criminal Justice Field Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Justice Field - Case Study Example According to her statement, it is quite clear that she was aware of her husband's habit of stealing and indicated that he was doing it in order to support them. Some of the stolen items were also listed in the statement in conjunction with Whitehead's comments on to their ownership (Charlene Marie Whitehead v. Record No. 080775, 2). However, during the trial in Circuit court for the city of Danville, Whitehead denounced everything she had indicated in her statement. She went ahead and claimed that she did not know about Walden's habit of breaking into people's cars. Instead all she knew was that Walden returned with a bunch of things including money. However, during the cross examination, Whitehead admitted that the items brought back to the apartment by Walden were not his. In a contradicting statement, Walden denied having never given Whitehead any stolen item though he pled guilty on the issue. From the issued statements, the trial court decided to bring together Whitehead's forty denunciations to thirty two counts for accepting stolen items from her husband (Charlene Marie Whitehead v. Record No. 080775, 3). In return, the court passed a ruling for each count. Later on, during a sentencing hearing the thirty two counts were reduced to six counts whereby Whitehead was sentenced to five year's imprisonment with four years suspended on each count, for a total of 30 years imprisonment with 24 years suspended. However, the trial court withheld the sentencing on the remaining 26 counts conditioned on 25 years of good behavior. Appearing before another judge in the same court who had been asked by the common wealth to cancel her suspension, Whitehead pled guilty for violating her probation. Consequently, the trial court cancelled its prior suspension and sentenced her to seventeen years, four months of imprisonment with 12 years, four months suspended, for a total of 5 years in addition to her sentences of the new conviction (Charlene Marie Whitehead v. Record No. 080775, 4). The court of appeals confirmed the new convictions and the revocation order in an unpublished opinion indicating that the evidence was adequate to support the court's sentencing. From the information obtained, I tend to disagree with the court of appeal's ruling on Whiteheads case; confirming Whitehead's convictions and the trial court's order of revocation of her probation. This is due to the fact that the common wealth never contended that Whitehead was involved in the actual theft of items or that she received the stolen properties from Walden. Although, there was some contradicting information from Walden regarding her awareness on the stolen items, the court of appeal should have gone a step further and investigate the case. Jeffrey Wayne Rowe v. Record No. 081173 Case It was around 1:30 am on July 9, 2005 when Officer Brian J. Fair of the Virginia Beach police department noticed a truck being driven recklessly. At the moment, he was in his dark blue uniform and was driving his personal car on his way home. He immediately contacted the Virginia Beach police dispatcher requesting for the notification of the incident to the Virginia state police since he believed that the truck driver (Rowe) was drunk. However, he was informed that there were no available state police

Slavery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Slavery - Essay Example Freedom was the greatest development more so because during the civil war, the rights of the African Americans were greatly infringed. They were used for the war and were viewed as disposable people. This was a great disadvantage as their families were not taken care of. The men were front lined during the war and this led to many deaths of the African Americans during the Civil war. After the civil war, slavery was abolished and people could now get employed. Others were given land for relocation and they started up their own small scale farming. This is seen to have led to creation of institutions such as schools, churches and even African American magazines such as the Freedom’s Journal. These institutions became the basis for equality another great step in the History of the United States. Industrialization was another great development that arose from the Civil War and colonial period. When slavery was abolished, the farmers in the big plantations in the South still required labor. In the North, many industries were growing from manufacturing industries to banks among others. Industrialization in my opinion allowed blacks to implement their skills efficiently and to earn a living from it. Although it was difficult to start up because racism was not yet at a halt, it ensured that some if not most of their rights were protected. They could also vote and work for pay which enabled them to choose their leaders. On an overall in the present, if this hadn’t happened, the United States would never have achieved equality to the point of choosing an African American president. Industrialization though many may say was full of monopolies, still ensured that many grew their societies and their families. Though the African Americans mostly received bad treatment and less pay even with freedom, it was on the other hand much better than slavery in itself. Industrialization is what led the United States to be the super power it is today

A Comparison of the Magic in The Rocking-Horse Winner and A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings :: Rocking Horse Enormous Wings Essays

A Comparison of the Magic in "The Rocking-Horse Winner" and "A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings"   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Magic arises out of the two main characters of D.H. Lawrence's "The Rocking-Horse Winner" and Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Paul, in the first story, pulls out higher forces to help him decide who the winner of the next horse race will be. In the Marquez story, a nameless and elderly angel lands on earth to experience first hand the human behavior he strives to correct. The magic in the air gives these stories a feeling of suspense. They are horrifying, if not in the Stephen King horror genre. These tales encompass an undeniable amount of magic, faith, greed, vindication and misunderstanding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pelayo and Elisenda, in the Garcia Marquez yarn, find the soul retriever on his way to take their child to heaven, or so it is thought. The magical angel's identity had to be discovered by a neighbor of the couple because they didn't think that an angel could wind up on their land. Who would think of an angel landing? Meanwhile, Paul doesn't show when he discovers the magical power of the rocking horse he received as a gift one year. He does ride it often as Lawrence describes. The stories are bound by the fact that the magical things they discover are unbelievable at best. They often criticize Paul for his affection for a horse he should have outgrown long ago. No one would believe that the rocking-horse essentially talked to him. Although the characters in "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" believe that an angel is in their presence, they have no idea what to do with him. No one had ever dealt with a spirit on this level before.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As he rocked back and forth on his rocking horse, Paul had faith in finding the winner of the next horse race. For some reason they could not explain, Paul's uncle and Bassett had faith in him to pick it. They kept making money on the young boy with faith. The boy, whose parents had no luck, also had the faith that they did not have. Sadly, his faith killed him. He wanted so much to rid the house of the voices he heard that he drove himself to death from the intense pressure he placed upon himself. When he died, he killed the voices as the spiritual world claimed the only member of the family with luck.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" shows that the people in this small fan can have some level of faith without directly showing it.

Ethics: Hedonism and Pleasure Essay

1) The difference between physical and attitudinal pleasure is that one is something that you can hold and grab, while the other is something that is in your mind. To expand, physical pleasure is a temporary thing. For an example: Eating key lime pie. Eating this specific pie for some people give them pleasure because it tastes good; however, when the consumption is complete, the taste eventually goes away along with the pleasure. On the other hand, attitudinal, or psychological pleasure, is a perpetual kind of happiness instead of the momentary pleasure that physical pleasure gives you. Hedonists take the side that attitudinal pleasure is intrinsically valuable; however this distinction is solely based on the fact that attitudinal please has a more lasting effect then that of its counterpart. Yet, hedonists attract and claim this position because each person is different, and the freedom to follow what makes for a good life is individualistic. 2) The Hedonism theory claims that all pleasures are intrinsically good, and that nothing other than pleasure is intrinsically good. However my objection to this statement is that the overall life satisfaction is not acquired through experiencing constant pleasures, and that experiences life only through chasing pleasurable actions will only end unpleasant. Also, hedonism states that good is pleasure and bad is pain. In distinction, if having an appetite is painful (bad) and satisfying an appetite is pleasant (good), a person will experience both pleasure and pain when satisfying an appetite. Therefore feeling pleasure and feeling pain are not the same as doing well and doing badly. Page40-41 2) If I had the chance to get into the â€Å"experience machine† I would not, because the experience machine is known to counter ethical hedonism. Doing so would only be contradictory towards my belief of hedonism. One of the arguments against plugging into the experience machine is that the experience machine limits people to a man-made reality. Gaining enjoyment without actions defeats the purpose of experiences; therefore, residual happiness is destroyed because you had no drive or will to gain that happiness. 5) I believe the strongest objection towards hedonism is that feeling pleasure and feeling pain are not the same as doing well and doing bad. A hedonist would state that all pleasure is good and pain is bad; however, one can experience pain and pleasure at the same time, which makes neither of them good or bad.

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